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前言

为什么要使用多线程

QT是一种流行的跨平台应用程序开发框架，而PySide2是QT的一个Python绑定库。在QT和PySide2中使用多线程的主要原因是为了提高应用程序的性能和响应能力。

使用多线程可以将耗时的任务分配给不同的线程，在后台并行执行，从而避免阻塞主线程，保持应用程序的流畅性和响应性。当应用程序需要进行复杂的计算、网络请求、文件读写或其他需要较长时间的操作时，使用多线程可以防止这些操作对用户界面的阻塞，使用户能够继续与应用程序进行交互。

需要注意的是在使用多线程时要注意线程安全性和数据同步的问题。多个线程同时访问共享的数据可能导致竞态条件和数据不一致的问题，因此需要采取适当的同步机制，如锁、信号量或其他线程间通信机制，来保证数据的一致性和正确性。

总而言之，使用多线程可以提高QT PySide2应用程序的性能、响应能力和并发性，但需要注意线程安全和数据同步的问题。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、单个线程实现按钮方法的执行

实现效果：界面不会卡顿、可以继续与应用程序进行交互；
开始执行、停止执行思路

• 当点击开始按钮时，分配一个线程a去循环执行按钮绑定的方法，如果变量_stop_event的值为True则一直执行方法；
• 当点击停止按钮时，分配一个线程b去设置变量_stop_event的值为False，当线程a再次判断时则会跳出执行方法的循环；
• 具体的逻辑得分析一下MyThread类的代码；

import sys
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTableWidgetItem
from PySide2.QtUiTools import loadUiType, QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile, Qt
from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon
import time
import threadingclass MyThread(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, qt):super().__init__()self.qtGui = qtself._stop_event = threading.Event()def stop(self):self._stop_event.set()def run(self):message_list = [f"第{k}次打印" for k in range(100)]log_content = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20}for message in message_list:if self._stop_event.is_set() is True:breaklog_content['five'] = messageself.qtGui.logger_show(log_content)time.sleep(0.1)log_content['five'] = '答题子线程已停止运行，请进行下一步操作'time.sleep(5)[self.qtGui.logger_show(log_content) for kk in range(1)]return Trueclass Gui(QWidget):def __init__(self):# 加载ui文件，创建qt文件对象，加载文件对象并创建ui对象QtFileObj = QFile("yk.ui")QtFileObj.open(QFile.ReadOnly)QtFileObj.close()self.ui = QUiLoader().load(QtFileObj)# 设置界面图标icon = QIcon("yk.ico")self.ui.setWindowIcon(icon)# 变量、对象定义self.index = 0self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.horizontalHeader().setVisible(True)  # 设置tableWidget组件的标题显示为Trueself.ui.startButton.clicked.connect(self.start_running)  # 绑定按钮的方法self.ui.stopButton.clicked.connect(self.stop_running)self.answer_thread = None  # 答题启动线程对象def start_running(self):# 插入内容logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '程序已经开始运行，请勿多次点击开始运行按钮'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]# 创建线程对象self.answer_thread = MyThread(self)  # 传入qt对象# 启动线程self.answer_thread.start()def stop_running(self):# 停止线程self.answer_thread.stop()logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '答题程序已设置停止线程，请等待最后一个账号运行完再进行下一步操作'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]def logger_show(self, logger_item):self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.insertRow(int(self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.rowCount()))self.index += 1new_item_one = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['one'])new_item_one.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_two = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['two'])new_item_two.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_three = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['three'])new_item_three.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_four = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['four'])new_item_four.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_five = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['five'])new_item_five.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 0, new_item_one)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 1, new_item_two)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 2, new_item_three)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 3, new_item_four)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 4, new_item_five)# 定位至最新行self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.verticalScrollBar().setSliderPosition(self.index)# 刷新QApplication.processEvents()if __name__ == '__main__':app = QApplication(sys.argv)ykGuiObj = Gui()ykGuiObj.ui.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())

二、线程嵌套多个子线程实现按钮方法的执行

实现效果：界面不会卡顿、可以继续与应用程序进行交互，多个子线程同时执行或停止；
开始执行、停止执行思路

• 当点击开始按钮时，分配一个线程a去开启5个子线程去执行打印日志的方法；
• 当点击停止按钮时，分配一个线程b去设置变量_stop_event的值为True，当线程a再次判断时则会跳出执行方法的循环；
• 具体的逻辑得分析一下MyThread类的代码；
• 可分析运行效果图标红处，同时开了5个子线程去打印，并实现了停止子线程的执行；

import sys
import time
import random
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTableWidgetItem
from PySide2.QtUiTools import loadUiType, QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile, Qt
from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon
import threading
import concurrent.futures
from queue import Queueclass MyThread(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, qt):super().__init__()self.qtGui = qtself.executor = None  # 创建线程池self._stop_event = threading.Event()def stop(self):self._stop_event.set()def run(self):log_content = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20}message_queue = self.build_log_messages()thread_number = 5  # 线程数while message_queue.qsize():if self.executor is None or self.executor._shutdown:# 创建线程池self.executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor()for kkk in range(thread_number):  # 开启4子线程执行打印方法self.executor.submit(self.qtGui.logger_show, message_queue.get(), random.randint(1, 15) * 0.1)time.sleep(0.2)self.executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # 等待任务执行完成if self._stop_event.is_set() is True:  # 当停止按钮被点击后则会进入这个跳出循环条件breaklog_content['five'] = '答题子线程已停止运行，请进行下一步操作'time.sleep(5)[self.qtGui.logger_show(log_content) for kk in range(1)]return Truedef build_log_messages(self):message_queue = Queue()grapheme_list = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J']num = 0while num < 100:  # 存储需要打印的日志信息for grapheme in grapheme_list:num += 1message_queue.put({'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': f"线程{grapheme} {grapheme * 10} 打印数字：{num}"})return message_queueclass Gui(QWidget):def __init__(self):# 加载ui文件，创建qt文件对象，加载文件对象并创建ui对象QtFileObj = QFile("yk.ui")QtFileObj.open(QFile.ReadOnly)QtFileObj.close()self.ui = QUiLoader().load(QtFileObj)# 设置界面图标icon = QIcon("yk.ico")self.ui.setWindowIcon(icon)# 变量、对象定义self.index = 0self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.horizontalHeader().setVisible(True)  # 设置tableWidget组件的标题显示为Trueself.ui.startButton.clicked.connect(self.start_running)  # 绑定按钮的方法self.ui.stopButton.clicked.connect(self.stop_running)self.answer_thread = None  # 答题启动线程对象def start_running(self):# 插入内容logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '程序已经开始运行，请勿多次点击开始运行按钮'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]# 创建线程对象self.answer_thread = MyThread(self)  # 传入qt对象# 启动线程self.answer_thread.start()def stop_running(self):# 停止线程self.answer_thread.stop()logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '答题程序已设置停止线程，请等待最后一个账号运行完再进行下一步操作'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]def logger_show(self, logger_item, sleep=0):time.sleep(sleep)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.insertRow(int(self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.rowCount()))self.index += 1new_item_one = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['one'])new_item_one.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_two = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['two'])new_item_two.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_three = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['three'])new_item_three.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_four = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['four'])new_item_four.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_five = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['five'])new_item_five.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 0, new_item_one)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 1, new_item_two)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 2, new_item_three)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 3, new_item_four)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 4, new_item_five)# 定位至最新行self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.verticalScrollBar().setSliderPosition(self.index)# 刷新QApplication.processEvents()if __name__ == '__main__':app = QApplication(sys.argv)ykGuiObj = Gui()ykGuiObj.ui.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())

三、QT GUI常用代码

3.1 多线程取出队列任务循环执行，无停止

import time
import threading
from queue import Queuedef task_running(param1, param2):while True:task_info = task_queue.get()  # 取出任务time.sleep(1)print(task_info)task_queue.task_done()  # 全部完成则退出死循环def thread_controller(task_queue):thread_number = 3  # 线程数for j in range(thread_number):t = threading.Thread(target=task_running, args=(1, 2))t.daemon = True  # 设置线程daemon 主线程退出就直接让子线程跟随退出t.start()if __name__ == '__main__':task_queue = Queue()thread_controller(task_queue)

3.2 将某个方法放在线程中执行

# 调用示例
StartButton.clicked.connect(lambda: self.thread_it(self.function, param))def thread_it(self, func, *args):'''将函数打包进线程'''self.myThread = threading.Thread(target=func, args=args)self.myThread.setDaemon(True)self.myThread.start()

3.3 QT pyside2 tableWidget 清除日志

def clear_logger(self, route_name=None):for i in range(self.index):self.tableWidget .removeRow(0)  # 删除tableWidget组件的第0行数据# self.ui.tableWidget.clearContents()  # 清除/删除所有内容time.sleep(1)self.index = 0

3.4 退出整个GUI程序(杀死进程)

def exit_program(self, route_name):tmp = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()for tm in tmp:if 'python' not in tm：continuetime.sleep(0.5)pid = tm.strip().replace(' ', '').split('.exe')[-1].split('Console')[0]subprocess.Popen("taskkill /F /T /PID " + str(pid), shell=True)return True

3.5 子线程执行和子线程停止

import threadingclass MyThread(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, qt):super().__init__()self._stop_event = threading.Event()def stop(self):self._stop_event.set()def run(self):while True:print("开始运行")if self._stop_event.is_set() is True:  # 当停止按钮被点击后则会进入这个跳出循环条件break

3.6 抛出异常来停止子线程的执行

import ctypes
import threadingclass ThreadWithException(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, _tk, route_number=0):threading.Thread.__init__(self)self._tk = _tkself.route_number = route_numberdef run(self):passdef get_id(self):if hasattr(self, '_thread_id'):return self._thread_idfor id, thread in threading._active.items():if thread is self:return iddef raise_exception(self):thread_id = self.get_id()# 精髓就是这句话，给线程发过去一个exceptions，线程就那边响应完就停了response = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(thread_id, ctypes.py_object(SystemExit))if response > 1:ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(thread_id, 0)

3.7 使用多个子线程往同一个queue队列对象中存储数据

逻辑解释

• queue模块提供了线程安全的队列类Queue，可以安全地在多个线程之间进行数据存储和获取操作；
• 在主进程中创建一个queue对象，调用方法开启多子线程时将queue对象作为参数传入;
• 多个子线程可以通过queue对象进行数据存储，并且不会发生数据冲突的情况；
• 主进程也可开启一个子线程去实时监听queue对象中是否有新的数据存入，如果有则进行处理；
• 下面我分了两个源码文件进行演示，一个是gui.py主要写的是qt代码，另一个是data_save.py主要是进行数据存储的代码；

gui.py
import sys
import time
import random
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTableWidgetItem
from PySide2.QtUiTools import loadUiType, QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile, Qt
from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon
import threading
import concurrent.futures
from queue import Queue
from data_save import DataSaveclass MyThread(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, qt):super().__init__()self.qtGui = qtself.executor = None  # 创建线程池self._stop_event = threading.Event()def stop(self):self._stop_event.set()def run(self):task_queue = Queue()log_content = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20}message_queue = self.build_log_messages()thread_number = 5  # 线程数while message_queue.qsize():if self.executor is None or self.executor._shutdown:# 创建线程池self.executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor()for kkk in range(thread_number):  # 开启5子线程执行打印方法data_sava_pipeline = DataSave()self.executor.submit(data_sava_pipeline.runs, self.qtGui, task_queue, message_queue.get())time.sleep(0.2)self.executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # 等待任务执行完成if self._stop_event.is_set() is True:  # 当停止按钮被点击后则会进入这个跳出循环条件breaklog_content['five'] = '答题子线程已停止运行，请进行下一步操作'print('task_queue', task_queue.qsize(), task_queue.queue)time.sleep(2)[self.qtGui.logger_show(log_content) for kk in range(1)]return Truedef build_log_messages(self):message_queue = Queue()grapheme_list = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J']num = 0while num < 100:  # 存储需要打印的日志信息for grapheme in grapheme_list:num += 1message_queue.put({'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': f"线程{grapheme} {grapheme * 10} 打印数字：{num}"})return message_queueclass Gui(QWidget):def __init__(self):# 加载ui文件，创建qt文件对象，加载文件对象并创建ui对象QtFileObj = QFile("D:\MyStudy\MyProject\PythonProject\python_example\项目接单学习/18_PYQT\可视化编程\yk.ui")QtFileObj.open(QFile.ReadOnly)QtFileObj.close()self.ui = QUiLoader().load(QtFileObj)# 设置界面图标icon = QIcon("yk.ico")self.ui.setWindowIcon(icon)# 变量、对象定义self.index = 0self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.horizontalHeader().setVisible(True)  # 设置tableWidget组件的标题显示为Trueself.ui.startButton.clicked.connect(self.start_running)  # 绑定按钮的方法self.ui.stopButton.clicked.connect(self.stop_running)self.answer_thread = None  # 答题启动线程对象def start_running(self):# 插入内容logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '程序已经开始运行，请勿多次点击开始运行按钮'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]# 创建线程对象self.answer_thread = MyThread(self)  # 传入qt对象# 启动线程self.answer_thread.start()def stop_running(self):# 停止线程self.answer_thread.stop()logger_item = {'one': '-' * 20, 'two': '-' * 20, 'three': '-' * 20, 'four': '-' * 20,'five': '答题程序已设置停止线程，请等待最后一个账号运行完再进行下一步操作'}[self.logger_show(logger_item) for kk in range(1)]def logger_show(self, logger_item, sleep=0):time.sleep(sleep)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.insertRow(int(self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.rowCount()))self.index += 1new_item_one = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['one'])new_item_one.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_two = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['two'])new_item_two.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_three = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['three'])new_item_three.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_four = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['four'])new_item_four.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)new_item_five = QTableWidgetItem(logger_item['five'])new_item_five.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 0, new_item_one)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 1, new_item_two)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 2, new_item_three)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 3, new_item_four)self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.setItem(self.index - 1, 4, new_item_five)# 定位至最新行self.ui.tableWidgetAnswer.verticalScrollBar().setSliderPosition(self.index)# 刷新QApplication.processEvents()if __name__ == '__main__':app = QApplication(sys.argv)ykGuiObj = Gui()ykGuiObj.ui.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())

data_save.py
import time
import randomclass DataSave(object):def __init__(self):passdef data_save(self, items):message = items['message']items['queue'].put(message)items['qt'].logger_show(message)def runs(self, qt, queue, message):sleep = random.randint(2, 10) * 0.1time.sleep(sleep)print(f'message：{message} sleep：{sleep}\n', end='')items = {'qt': qt, 'queue': queue, 'message': message}self.data_save(items)

四、资源推荐

1、QT Pyside2 Designer 的基本使用：https://blog.csdn.net/EXIxiaozhou/article/details/131401574
2、入门文档请看白月黑羽：https://www.byhy.net/tut/py/gui/qt_01
3、入门视频请看白月黑羽：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19A411H7dS/
4、深入学习博主推荐-国内站点：https://gitee.com/feiyangqingyun
5、深入学习博主推荐-国际站点：https://github.com/feiyangqingyun
6、CSDN个人主页：https://blog.csdn.net/feiyangqingyun
7、官网：https://www.pythonguis.com/topics/pyside2/

总结

这篇博文的示例主要以实现功能为目的，我自己觉得有地方不太合适，欢迎大佬和小伙伴在评论处积极提出；